Instructions:
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Watch the video carefully and take clear, organized notes while watching.
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Review the concepts covered in the video and then attempt all the given exercises independently.
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If you feel stuck on any question, go back to your notes and re-watch the relevant part of the video before moving on.
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Do not skip difficult questions—use your notes to understand the method or concept step by step.
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Write down any questions or confusions in your notebook so you can ask the lecturer during the next class.
Good morning students. Today, we are going to learn about how Islamic law is formed using the Qur’an, Ijma, and Qiyas. You already know that the Qur’an is the main source of guidance, but the Qur’an doesn’t give every single detail of every rule. That’s why scholars also used Hadith, Ijma, and Qiyas to make sure Islamic law could guide Muslims in all times and situations. Let’s break this down step by step.
First, the Qur’an. This is the foundation of Islamic law, the word of Allah. It gives us principles and commands, like “establish prayer and give zakat.” But notice—while the Qur’an tells us to pray, it doesn’t explain how many times a day or how many rak‘at in each prayer. That’s where the Hadith comes in. The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, showed Muslims practically how to pray, saying: “Pray as you have seen me praying.” So here, the Qur’an sets the rule, and Hadith explains the details.
Now, what happens after the Prophet passed away, when new issues arose? This is where Ijma, or consensus, became important. It means that scholars of a generation come together and agree on a ruling. This kept the Muslim community united. For example, when the Qur’an was collected into one official book under Caliph Abu Bakr and later standardized under Caliph Uthman, this was done with the agreement of the companions—that’s Ijma in action. The Prophet even said, “My ummah will never agree upon error,” which shows the importance of consensus.
Finally, we have Qiyas, which means analogy or reasoning. This is used when something new comes up that is not directly in the Qur’an or Hadith. For example, the Qur’an bans wine because it intoxicates. By Qiyas, scholars extended this ruling to drugs like heroin or marijuana, because the cause—the intoxication—is the same. The Prophet also approved this method when he asked Mu‘adh ibn Jabal how he would judge matters in Yemen, and Mu‘adh said he would use the Qur’an, Sunnah, and then his reasoning if nothing was found. The Prophet praised him for that.
So, all these sources work together like a team. The Qur’an gives the foundation. The Sunnah explains it. Ijma brings scholars together to keep unity. And Qiyas extends the law to new problems, making Islam flexible and relevant for all times.
To summarize: The Qur’an is the base, Hadith explains it, Ijma gives consensus, and Qiyas allows new rulings through reasoning. Together, they make up the framework of Islamic law, ensuring Muslims always have clear guidance in worship, daily life, and new challenges.
