Instructions:
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Watch the video carefully and take clear, organized notes while watching.
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Review the concepts covered in the video and then attempt all the given exercises independently.
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If you feel stuck on any question, go back to your notes and re-watch the relevant part of the video before moving on.
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Do not skip difficult questions—use your notes to understand the method or concept step by step.
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Write down any questions or confusions in your notebook so you can ask the lecturer during the next class.
Good morning students. Today, we are going to talk about two very important events in the life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh): his Final Sermon and his passing away. These events took place towards the end of his life and carry powerful lessons for all of us even today.
Let’s start with the Farewell Pilgrimage. In the 10th year after Hijrah, the Prophet (pbuh) performed his only Hajj. Over 100,000 Muslims gathered with him at Arafat, and there he delivered his most famous message — the Final Sermon. Think of it as his last big reminder to the Ummah, like a teacher giving final instructions before leaving class.
In this sermon, the Prophet (pbuh) touched on many important things. He said that life, property, and honor are sacred — just like the holy city of Makkah, the sacred month, and the sacred day. He abolished interest, reminding people that Islam stands against unfairness and exploitation. He reminded us that all humans are equal: Arab or non-Arab, black or white — no one is better than another except through good deeds and piety. This is like how in school everyone wears the same uniform; it shows equality. He also emphasized kindness towards women and the importance of family rights. Finally, he told Muslims to hold on tightly to the Qur’an and his Sunnah, because these two would always guide them.
After this, the Prophet (pbuh) returned to Madinah. But soon, he became ill. His illness lasted for about two weeks. Even in weakness, he kept reminding people about prayer and justice. Sometimes he led the prayer, but later he asked Abu Bakr (RA) to lead in his place — this was a sign of Abu Bakr’s future role as Caliph.
On the 12th of Rabi‘ al-Awwal in the 11th year after Hijrah, the Prophet (pbuh) passed away at the age of 63. His final words were, “O Allah, with the highest companion,” showing his love and longing to return to Allah. The news of his death shocked the Muslims. Some, like Umar (RA), could not accept it at first. But Abu Bakr (RA) reminded everyone with the Qur’anic verse: “Muhammad is only a Messenger. If he dies or is slain, will you then turn back on your heels?” This calmed the Muslims and helped them stay strong.
So students, the Final Sermon is like a summary of Islam: faith, justice, equality, family rights, and guidance through Qur’an and Sunnah. The Prophet’s death was a huge test, but it showed Muslims that Islam is greater than one person, and that their duty is to remain united and faithful.
To sum up: the Final Sermon gave us timeless guidance, and the Prophet’s passing marked the completion of his mission. Both events remind us to live by the Qur’an and Sunnah, respect one another, and hold firmly to justice and equality in our daily lives.
